A buy-sell agreement sets what happens to an owner's share if they die or leave. Funding it with life insurance guarantees the money is there to buy out that share smoothly, protecting both the company and the family.
No. It applies when the loan isn't fully secured by collateral and the business depends on one owner, which is common for sole proprietorships and single-member LLCs. Your lender or CDC sets the specifics.
Generally no. Permanent insurance, like whole life or universal life, shouldn't be required for this purpose. A level term policy covering the loan term typically satisfies the condition at a small fraction of the cost.
The business owns the policy and is the beneficiary. If the key person dies, the payout helps cover lost revenue, recruiting and training a replacement, or paying down business debt while things stabilize.